Epitonium Röding, 1798: 91. Type species (s.d. Suter, 1913): Turbo scalaris Linne, 1758; Kilburn, 1985: 279; Vaught, 1989: 39 [Epitoniinae]; Pacaud & Le Renard, 1995: 158 [Epitoniinae]; Le Renard, 1996: 57, Scala Bruguière, 1792, Cyclostoma Lamarck, 1799 (non Lamarck, 1801), Clathrus Oken, 1915; Vaught, 1989: 40 (as unassigned genera under Epitoniinae), Scalaria Lamarck, 1801, Scatlatarius Duméril, 1806, Scalarius Montfort, 1810, Solvaclathrus Iredale, 1936: 299. Type species (o.d.): Solvaclathrus jacobiscala Iredale, 1936; (Kilburn, 1985: 257 had as synonym of Cycloscala), Scalarus Montfort, 1810, Aciona Leach, 1815, Linctoscala Monterosato, 1890, Sphaeroscala Monterosato, 1890, Arctoscala Dall, 1909, Acutiscala de Boury, 1909, Anguliscala de Boury, 1909, Evolutiscala de Boury, 1909, Graciliscala de Boury, 1909, Lepidiscala de Boury, 1909, Liriscala de Boury, 1909, Pyramiscala de Boury, 1909, Viciniscala de Boury, 1909: 258. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria pallasi Kiener, 1838, Epitonium (Viciniscala); Vaught, 1989: 40; Subgenus: EPITONIUM s.s., Epitonium (Epitonium); Kilburn, 1985: 281; Subgenus: ASPERISCALA de Boury, 1909, Aperiscala de Boury, 1909: 257. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria bellastriata Carpenter, 1864, Cinctiscala de Boury, 1909, Decussiscala de Boury, 1909, Epitonium (Asperiscala); Kilburn, 1985: 324; Vaught, 1989: 39; Subgenus: CONNEXISCALA de Boury, 1909, Epitonium (Connexiscala); Vaught, 1989: 39; Subgenus: CRISPOSCALA de Boury, 1886, Crisposcala de Boury, 1886; Vaught, 1989: 40 (as unassigned gernera under Epitoniidae), Epitonium (Crisposcala); Pacaud & Le Renard, 1995: 158 [Epitoniinae]; Subgenus: FOLIACEISCALA de Boury, 1912, Foliaceiscala de Boury, 1912: 93. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria dubia Sowerby, 1844, Epitonium (Foliaceiscala); Kilburn, 1985: 327; Vaught, 1989: 39; Subgenus: GLOBISCALA de Boury, 1909, Globiscala de Boury, 1909: 258; de Boury, 1912 (full description). Type species (o.d.): Scalaria bullatum Sowerby, 1844, Epitonium (Globiscala); Kilburn, 1985: 330; Vaught, 1989: 39; Subgenus: HIRTOSCALA Monterosato, 1890, Hirtoscala Monterosato, 1890: 149. Type species (s.d. Cossmann, 1912): Scalaria cantraini Weinkauff, 1866, Foveoscala de Boury, 1909, Pudentiscala Iredale, 1938, Epitonium (Hirtoscala); Kilburn, 1985: 290; Vaught, 1989: 39; Subgenus: HYALOSCALA de Boury, 1909, Hyaloscala de Boury, 1889: 246. Type species (o.d.): Scala clathratula Schumacher, 1797, Glabriscala de Boury, 1909, Delicatiscala de Boury, 1909: 257. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria ducalis Mörch, 1875 [?= Scalaria albida d'Orbigny, 1842, fide Dushane, 1974]; Vaught, 1989: 40 (as unassigned geneus under Epitoniinae), Epitonium (Hyaloscala); Kilburn, 1985: 293; Vaught, 1989: 39; Subgenus: LAEVISCALA de Boury, 1909, Epitonium (Laeviscala); Kilburn, 1985: 325; Subgenus: LABEOSCALA de Boury, 1912, Labeoscala de Boury, 1912: 214. Type species (by virtual tautonomy.): Labeoscala labeo Jousseaume, 1912, Epitonium (Labeoscala); Kilburn, 1985: 322; Subgenus: LAMELLISCALA de Boury, 1909, Lamelliscala de Boury, 1909: 258. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria fasciata Sowerby, 1844, Epitonium (Lamelliscala); Kilburn, 1985: 287; Vaught, 1989: 39; Subgenus: LIBRARISCALA Kilburn, 1985, Librariscala Kilburn, 1985: 302. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria millecostata Pease, 1861, Epitonium (Librariscala); Kilburn, 1985: 302; Vaught, 1989: 39,; Subgenus: LIMISCALA de Boury, 1909, Limiscala de Boury, 1909: 258. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria lyra Sowerby, 1844, Limniscala Dollfus, 1913: 250 (nom. null.)., Dulciscala de Boury, 1909, Crenuliscala Iredale, 1936, Epitonium (Limiscala); Kilburn, 1985: 308; Vaught, 1989: 40; Subgenus: MINUTISCALA de Boury, 1909, Minutiscala de Boury, 1909: 257. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria nana Jeffreys, 1884, Epitonium (Minutiscala); Kilburn, 1985: 301; Subgenus: NIPPONISCALA Masahito & Habe, 1973, Nipponiscala Masahito & Habe, 1973: 135. Type species (o.d.): Nipponoscala aureomaculata Masahito & Habe, 1973, Epitonium (Nipponiscala); Vaught, 1989: 40; Subgenus: PAPYRISCALA de Boury, 1909, Papyriscala de Boury, 1909: 258. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria latifasciata Sowerby, 1874; Vaught, 1989: 40 (as unassigned genera under Epinoniinae), Epitonium (Papyriscala); Kilburn, 1985: 305; Subgenus: PARVISCALA de Boury, 1887, Parviscala de Boury, 1887: 11. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria algeriana Weinkauff, 1866, Epitonium (Parviscala); Kilburn, 1985: 314; Pacaud & Le Renard, 1995: 158 [Epitoniinae]; Subgenus: PERLUCIDISCALA de Boury, 1912, Perlucidiscala de Boury, 1912: 196. Type species (by virtual tautonymy): Perlucidiscala perlucida Jousseaume, 1912, Epitonium (Perlucidiscala); Kilburn, 1985: 296; Subgenus: PUPISCALA Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971, Pupiscala Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, in Kuroda et al, 1971. Type species (o.d.): Pupiscala pupiformis Masahito, Kuroda & Habe, 1971, Epitonium (Pupiscala); Kilburn, 1985: 331; Vaught, 1989: 40; Subgenus: SODALISCALA de Boury, 1921, Sodaliscala de Boury, 1909: 257. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria multistriata Say, 1909, Firmiscala de Boury, 1909: 257. Type species (o.d.): Scalaria multicostata Sowerby, 1844, Avalitiscala de Boury in Jousseaume, 1912: 221. Type species (s.d. Wenz, 1940): Avalitiscala avalites Jousseaume, 1912; Vaught, 1989: 40 (as unassigned genera under Epitoniinae), Epitonium (Sodaliscala); Kilburn, 1985: 312; Vaught, 1989: 40.  Ref.: Millard, V. 1997. Classification of the Mollusca :A classification of worldwide Mollusca. pp.129-130.